The Ottoman and Qajar Empires in the Age of Reform (The Making of the Middle East)
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The Ottoman and Qajar Empires in the Age of Reform (The Making of the Middle East)
The Ottoman and Qajar Empires in the Age of Reform examines the two major Muslim influences on the region, discussing the effect of incursions by European powers and the internal reforms undertaken by Ottoman and Qajar leaders in response during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.